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Produkty spojené s nelegálním ničením deštných pralesů

3. 10. 2014

Tropické deštné pralesy jsou domovem domorodých kultur i úžasné rozmanitosti života – žije zde nejméně 50 % všech druhů živočichů Země, přičemž mnohé nejsou dosud objevené. Pralesy hrají důležitou úlohu při stabilizaci klimatu a mají největší biomasu ze všech ekosystémů.

Nynější prudké snižování plochy tropických pralesů je velkým ekologickým problémem. Podílí se na něm kácení stromů a vytváření zemědělské půdy, přičemž z padesáti procent se to děje nelegálně. Většinu odlesňování má přitom na svědomí několik klíčových zemědělských produktů, které jsou z větší části určené pro vývoz. Pojďme si vyjmenovat alespoň pět z nich.

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1. Hovězí maso

Rostoucí poptávka po hovězím masu je přímo úměrná růstu světové populace, především ve východní Asii a Číně. Produkce hovězího masa je spojena s nelegálním odlesňováním v Brazílii.

2. Sója

Sója úzce souvisí s rostoucí poptávkou po hovězím masu. Většina sóji se totiž používá jako krmivo pro dobytek, drůbež a prasata. Velkým producentem sóji je Brazílie, Paraguay a Bolívie. A opět: pro její pěstování je potřeba zemědělské půdy, vzniklé na místě vykácených deštných pralesů...

3. Palmový olej

Palmový olej je nejvíce ziskový zdroj rostlinného oleje. Odlesňování za účelem jeho získání je obrovské zejména v Indonésii, Nové Guinei a Malajsii, kde jsou rozsáhlé oblasti nelegálních palmových plantáží produkujících tento žádaný olej.

4. Dřevovina a dřevní štěpka

Ničení deštných pralesů kvůli dřevovině a dřevní štěpce je problémem hlavně v Indonésii. Z dřevoviny a štěpky se vyrábí papír nižší jakosti a biomasa sloužící k výrobě tepla nebo kompostu.

5. Kakao

V mnoha zemích musely deštné pralesy ustoupit kakaovým plantážím, často i vytvořeným nelegálně. Nová Guineia vyváží dokonce téměř sto procent své produkce kakaa.

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Co s tím?

Stále více společností podniká kroky k podchycení produktů vzniklých takto nelegálně a neeticky. Určitým řešením tohoto problému by mohlo být, kdyby dovážející země vytvořily kontrolní systém těchto dovážených výrobků a určily tresty za dovoz zboží, které nebylo vyrobeno legálně a pochází z nelegálních plantáží vzniklých na místě podloudně vykácených deštných pralesů. To by snad zabránilo dalšímu ničení lesů. Samotní koncoví spotřebitelé mohou tento problém ovlivnit dost těžko, neboť je pro ně téměř nemožné rozpoznat legální či nelegální původ výrobku. Účinnější by zřejmě bylo, kdyby spotřebitelé apelovali na své politické zástupce, aby tomuto problému věnovali svou pozornost a podpořili nevládní a charitativní organizace, které se nelegálním ničením deštných pralesů přímo zabývají.

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455 comments on “Produkty spojené s nelegálním ničením deštných pralesů”

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